自由漂浮空间非合作目标的运动预测

空间非合作目标的运动预测是航天器在轨服务中的一个重要问题。在获得非合作目标的运动预测结果后，追踪星即可规划运动轨迹以接近目标并对其进行捕获。该文提出了一种自由漂浮空间非合作目标的运动预测方法。该方法的核心思想是首先辨识出目标的姿态动力学参数和目标的质心运动学参数，然后利用参数辨识结果和目标的动力学方程实现对目标的运动预测。在姿态动力学参数的辨识过程中，首先对目标的惯性参数进行初步辨识，然后采用自适应无迹Kalman滤波器对姿态动力学参数进行粗略辨识，最后通过最优化方法进一步提高姿态动力学参数的辨识精度。该文通过数值仿真验证了所提运动预测方法的有效性。仿真结果表明，无论目标是做单轴旋转还是翻滚运动，所提运动预测方法都能够实现对目标的长时间高精度的运动预测。

Motion Prediction of Free-Floating Space Non-Cooperative Targets

Motion prediction of space non-cooperative target is an important issue for spacecraft on-orbit service. With obtained high-precision motion prediction results, the chaser can plan its motion trajectory to approach the target and then capture it. A motion prediction method was proposed for free-floating space non-cooperative targets. The core idea of this method is to identify kinematic parameters of the target’s mass center and attitude dynamic parameters, and then with dynamic equations for the target to realize the motion prediction. In the identification of the attitude dynamic parameters, inertia parameters of the target were preliminarily identified firstly, then an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was used to roughly identify the attitude dynamic parameters, and finally the identification precision was further improved through optimization. In the identification of the kinematic parameters, the parameters were roughly identified firstly with the optimal attitude dynamic parameters obtained above and the kinematic equations for the target’s mass center, and then the identification precision was further improved again through optimization. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed motion prediction method was verified by numerical simulations. Simulation results indicate that, the proposed method can achieve long-time high-precision motion prediction of the non-cooperative target whether the target is in uniaxial rotation or tumbling motion.