缺氧响应荧光探针的成像及治疗应用

由于肿瘤内部细胞远离血管, 其氧气消耗量远远超出血液供应量, 因此容易导致肿瘤缺氧. 肿瘤缺氧会引发肿瘤扩散加速、 诱导某些基因过表达及产生药物抗药性等问题. 基于此, 发展性能优异的缺氧响应荧光探针对肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有重要意义. 本文对缺氧响应荧光探针在成像及治疗方面的应用进展进行了综合评述, 介绍了硝基、 偶氮键和醌3种常用的缺氧响应基团, 并探讨了它们在缺氧微环境下的识别机理; 介绍了缺氧响应荧光探针的构建及其在生物成像方面的最新研究成果; 总结了缺氧响应荧光探针在基因治疗、 光动力学治疗、 化学治疗及协同治疗方面的研究进展; 展望了缺氧响应荧光探针在临床诊断和治疗方面的应用前景.

Fluorescent Probe for Hypoxia-triggered Imaging and Cancer Therapy

The insufficient oxygen supply， known as hypoxia， is one of the most obvious features of tumors. In tumor regions， caused by the exaggerated growth of solid tumor， the depletion of oxygen in interior cells far exceeds their blood supply. Hypoxia will lead to a series of problems in tumor microenvironment， including increased tumor metastasis， drug resistance and pro-survival changes in gene expression. Thus， the construction of hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe is vital to tumor diagnosis and prognosis. In this review， we discussed recent progress in fluorescent probe for hypoxia-triggered living cells imaging and cancer therapy. At first， we introduced three main sensing moieties which were sensitive to oxygen or oxygen-related enzymes， such as azoreductase， nitroreductase， quinone reductase and so on. Then， the latest progress in fluorescent probes for imaging under hypoxia conditions was summarized， including imaging for hypoxia-related parameter and hypoxia-related metabolic process. Third， based on different therapeutic strategies， including gene therapy， chemotherapy， photodynamic therapy and synergistic therapy， we discussed the research progress of hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe for cancer therapy. In the future， we look forwarded to develop probe with excellent ability of targeting and selecting for hypoxia-activated imaging and cancer therapy， which could further facilitate cancer diagnosis and treatment in clinical area.