Spherical gas-fueled cool diffusion flames |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America;2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America;3. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States of America;4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America;5. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America;6. Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington Univ. in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA\n;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;2. Department of Energy Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States;1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, NJ USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA |
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| Abstract: | An improved understanding of cool diffusion flames could lead to improved engines. These flames are investigated here using a spherical porous burner with gaseous fuels in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station. Normal and inverse flames burning ethane, propane, and n-butane were explored with various fuel and oxygen concentrations, pressures, and flow rates. The diagnostics included an intensified video camera, radiometers, and thermocouples. Spherical cool diffusion flames burning gases were observed for the first time. However, these cool flames were not readily produced and were only obtained for normal n-butane flames at 2 bar with an ambient oxygen mole fraction of 0.39. The hot flames that spawned the cool flames were 2.6 times as large. An analytical model is presented that combines previous models for steady droplet burning and the partial-burning regime for cool diffusion flames. The results identify the importance of burner temperature on the behavior of these cool flames. They also indicate that the observed cool flames reside in rich regions near a mixture fraction of 0.53. |
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