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Prompt gamma detection for range verification in proton therapy
Authors:Shunsuke KurosawaHidetoshi Kubo  Kazuki UenoShigeto Kabuki  Satoru IwakiMichiaki Takahashi  Kojiro TaniueNaoki Higashi  Kentaro MiuchiToru Tanimori  Dogyun KimJongwon Kim
Institution:a Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
b Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 135-703, Republic of Korea
c Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi 410-769, Republic of Korea
Abstract:It is an on-going challenge to verify the proton range in situ during proton therapy. Since the protons stop in target tissue, measurement of gamma-rays emitted either promptly from nuclear de-excitation or in pair from positron annihilation is the feasible method to monitor the proton range in-vivo. Using the technique of gamma collimation, we empirically demonstrated that the proton range and prompt gamma distribution are well correlated in the therapy energy range, and that measuring prompt gammas is a viable method for the clinical application. However, this collimation technique appears not to be applicable to passively scattered proton beams. The device chosen for gamma imaging in 2D is an electron tracking Compton camera, which images single-emission photons employing a gas chamber to induce Compton scattering. Images of prompt gammas were attained at the proton beam energy of 140 MeV. Measurements showed that gamma image in the energy range of 800-2000 keV provides a better match with the proton range compared to the image by lower energy gammas.
Keywords:Proton therapy  Prompt gamma  Compton camera  Electron tracking  Dose falloff
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