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Consequence of doping mediated strain and the activation energy on the structural and optical properties of ZnO:Cr nanoparticles
Authors:Richa Bhargava  Sanjeev Kumar  Naresh Kumar
Institution:a Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India
b Nanophosphor Application Center, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
c Shah-Schulman Centre for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad 387001, India
Abstract:We report on the sol-gel synthesis of Zn1−xCrxO (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized by using thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman and Photoluminescence (PL). Electronegativity of Cr ions (Cr3+) reduces the final decomposition temperature by 40 °C and activation energy of the reaction when Cr is doped into ZnO. Doping of higher Cr concentration (x≥0.10) into ZnO shows formation of secondary spinel (ZnCr2O4) phase along with the hexagonal (ZnO) and is revealed by XRD. Formation of secondary phase changes the activation energy of the reaction and thus the strain in ZnO lattice. In Raman spectra, additional Raman modes have been observed for Zn1−xCrxO nanoparticles, which can be assigned to the modes generated due to Cr doping. The Cr doping into ZnO is also supported by PL, in which vacancies are formed with Cr ion incorporation and emission band shifts towards higher wavelength.
Keywords:Sol-gel  Thermal properties  Optical properties  Raman  Photoluminescence
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