Polarography of bismuth in malonic and chloroacetic acid media

The polarographic reduction of bismuth in the presence of malonic acid or chloroacetic acid is quasi-reversible. Bismuth forms only one complex with either chloroacetic acid or malonic acid, the complex having a co-ordination number of three. The stability constants have been calculated from the formal potentials using Lingane’s method and these values are in good agreement with those calculated from the half-wave potentials by the method suggested by Sundaresan and Sundaram.