Monitoring bisphenol A and estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper with yeast-based bioreporter assay |
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Authors: | Johanna Rajasärkkä Jani Koponen Riikka Airaksinen Hannu Kiviranta Marko Virta |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), Helsinki, 00790, Finland 2. National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract: | Bioluminescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast-based bioreporters were used to monitor bisphenol A and other estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper samples collected mainly from Finland on two occasions in 2010/2011, and 2013. The bisphenol A-targeted (BPA-R) and the human oestrogen receptor (hERα) bioreporters were applied to analyse both non-treated and extracted paper samples. Bisphenol A was readily bioavailable to the yeast bioreporters on the non-treated paper samples without any pre-treatment. Detected concentrations ranged from a detection limit of 9–142 μg/g to over 20 mg/g of bisphenol A equivalents in the thermal papers. Low bisphenol A like activities were detected in many samples, and were considered to be caused by residual bisphenol A or other types of bisphenols, such as bisphenol S. Most of the thermal paper samples were toxic to the yeast bioreporters. The toxicity did not, however, depend on the bisphenol A concentration of the samples. The yeast bioreporters were demonstrated to be a robust and cost-efficient method to monitor thermal paper samples for their bisphenol A content and estrogenicity. Thermal paper was considered as a potential BPA source for both human exposure and environmental emission. |
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