A posteriori error estimates for FEM with violated Galerkin orthogonality

This article investigates Petrov‐Galerkin discretizations of operator equations with linearly stable operators, where the residual does not belong to the annihilator W of the discrete test space W_h. Conforming and nonconforming methods are considered separately, and for the treatment of the nonconforming situation the concept of elliptic lifting is introduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 241–259, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.1005