水合盐相变储能材料的研究进展

无机水合盐相变储能材料具有相变潜热大、相变温度适中、价格低廉等优点,在太阳能高效利用、跨季节储热采暖、工业余废热利用、轻纺行业等方面具有广阔的应用前景。但过冷、相分离、导热系数低等问题限制了其实际应用。本文介绍了水合盐相变储能材料近年来的研究进展,分析了水合盐相变存在的过冷及相分离现象的原因。通过成核剂法、多孔基体吸附法、微胶囊法等方法可以降低其过冷度;通过增稠剂法、晶形改变剂法等方法可以改善其相分离问题;通过与高导热性的纳米粒子、多孔的高导热基体相复合,可以提高其导热性能。最后,指出了今后水合盐相变储能材料的重点研究方向,可以从与计算化学相结合、寻找合适的无机壳材料以及探究共晶体系等方面继续深入研究。

Research Progress in Hydrated Salt Composite Phase Change Energy Storage Materials

Inorganic hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials have the advantages of high latent heat, moderate phase transition temperature, low price, etc., and are widely applied in the field of efficient utilization of solar energy, inter-seasonal heat storage and heating, utilization of industrial waste heat, and textile industry. However, problems such as super-cooling, phase separation, and low thermal conductivity restrict their practical application. In this paper, the research progress of hydrated salt composite phase change energy storage materials in recent years is reviewed, and the causes of the phenomenon of super-cooling and phase separation in hydrated salt phase transition are analyzed. The degree of super-cooling can be reduced by the methods of nucleating agent, porous matrix adsorption, microcapsule and other methods. The phase separation can be improved by the methods of thickening agent, crystal shape changing agent and other methods. The property of thermal conductivity of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials can be improved by combining with high thermal conductivity nano particles and porous thermal conductivity matrix. The future research directions of hydrated salt phase change energy storage materials are prospected, which can be studied from the aspects of combining with computational chemistry, searching for inorganic shell materials and exploring the eutectic system.