Synergistic effect between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retarded polylactide |
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Authors: | Hongfang ZhuQiliang Zhu Juan Li Kang TaoLixin Xue Qing Yan |
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Institution: | Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China |
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Abstract: | Synergistic effect was observed between expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on flame retarded polylactide (PLA) in this paper using limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and cone calorimeter tests etc. In the experiments, PLA composites with 15 wt% of APP/EG(1:3) combinations showed a LOI value of 36.5 and V-0 rating in UL-94 tests, greatly improved flame retardant properties from composites with APP or EG alone. Results from TGA and cone calorimeter demonstrated that APP/EG combination could retard the degradation of polymeric materials above the temperature of 520 °C by promoting the formation of a compact char layer. This char layer protects the matrix effectively from heat penetrating inside and prevents its further degradation, resulting in lower weight loss rate and better flame retarded performance. |
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Keywords: | Polylactide Expandable graphite Ammonium polyphosphate Synergistic effect Flame retardant |
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