昼夜观测恒星整层大气透过率测量研究

在昼夜观测恒星测量恒星宽光谱成像信号强度的基础上，首先通过MODTRAN软件结合系统参数、恒星光谱特征研究了宽光谱信标利用Langley法标定大气透过率的标定误差，据此通过标定恒星成像强度得到了整层大气宽光谱透过率；然后，利用大气模式研究了晴朗大气条件下宽光谱大气透过率与激光波段大气透过率的关系，进一步得到了532 nm和1 064 nm的整层大气透过率；最后，将白天时段观测恒星测量的大气透过率与太阳辐射计观测太阳得到的透过率进行了实验对比。结果表明:两种方法得到的大气透过率时间变化趋势一致、大小相仿。在此基础上开展了整层大气透过率的连续观测，获得了整层大气透过率的昼夜连续数据、特别是获取了晨昏时段弱湍流时刻的整层大气透过率数据；文中所开展的工作丰富了整层大气透过率的测量手段，对地基激光工程研究和应用有促进作用。

Study on measurement of total atmospheric transmittance in day and night observation stars

Based on the stellar broad-spectrum imaging signal intensities measured by observational stars day and night, firstly, the calibration error of atmospheric transmittance by Langley method were studied using MODTRAN software. The system parameters and the spectral characteristics of stellar spectra were taken into account during this process. Wide spectral transmittance of the whole atmosphere was obtained by calibrating the intensity of the star imaging. Then, the relationship between the atmospheric transmittance of wide spectrum and the atmospheric transmittance of the laser band was studied by using the atmospheric model, and the atmospheric transmittance of 532 nm and 1 064 nm were obtained. Finally, the atmospheric transmittance measured by stellar observation during the daytime was compared with the solar transmittance measured by the solar radiometer. The results show that the atmospheric transmittance obtained by the two methods has the same trend and the similar size. On this basis, the continuous observation of total atmospheric transmittance is carried out, the diurnal continuous data of total atmospheric transmittance is obtained, especially the data of total atmospheric transmittance at weak turbulence moment of dawn and dusk. The work enriches the measurement of total atmospheric transmittance and promoted the research and application of ground-based laser engineering.