Analysis of flavonoids in honey by HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
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Authors: | Karoline Petrus Heidi Schwartz Gerhard Sontag |
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Institution: | 1.Institute for Analytical Chemistry,University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria;2.Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln),University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,Vienna,Austria |
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Abstract: | The analysis of flavonoids in unifloral honeys by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with coulometric electrode
array detection (CEAD) is described. The compounds were extracted by a nonionic polymeric resin (Amberlite XAD-2) and then
separated on a reversed phase column using gradient elution. Quercetin, naringenin, hesperetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin,
and galangin were detected in a coulometric electrode array detection system between +300 and +800 mV against palladium reference
electrodes, and their presence was additionally confirmed by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
The method was applied to analysis of 19 honeys of different varieties and origin. The limits of detection and quantitation
ranged between 1.6 and 8.3 μg/kg and 3.9 and 27.4 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 96% in fluid and above 89%
in creamy honeys. Some of these honeys (melon, pumpkin, cherry blossom, dandelion, maple, and pine tree honey) were investigated
for their flavonoid content and profile for the first time. Differences between honeys were observed both in flavonoid concentrations
and in the flavonoid profiles. The flavonoid concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 3.4 mg/kg honey. Galangin, kaempferol, quercetin,
isorhamnetin, and luteolin were detected in all investigated honeys, whereas hesperetin occurred only in lemon and orange
honeys and naringenin in lemon, orange, rhododendron, rosemary, and cherry blossom honeys. |
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