过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖的可控性研究

壳聚糖能被过氧化氢氧化降解得到低分子量壳聚糖,所得产物分子量分布随平均分子量的下降而逐渐变窄.其降解速度和产物特性受原料脱乙酰度、反应介质、H2O用量、温度和反应时间的影响.脱乙酰度越高的壳聚糖,降解反应越容易进行.在酸性介质中的降解,其起始速度比在水中的降解要快,所得产物的分散度要小,到一定程度后受到H+抑制.实验结果表明,制备分子量5万以上的壳聚糖产品在60～70℃、H2O2用量比小于0.25的中性体系中就可以完成;而制备分子量在1.5～5万之间的壳聚糖,采用反应温度70℃、H2O2用量比为0.5～1.5、介质为水的条件较适宜;盐酸体系有利于制备分子量7000左右的壳聚糖;要得到水溶性产物,可以使用2%醋酸或水两种介质.因此,通过选择反应条件,可制备特定分子量范围的壳聚糖.

Prediction and Control of Extent of Deploymerization of Chitosan by Hydroperoxide

The molecular size of chitosan can be modified by depolymerization with hydroperoxide. The measurements of molecular weight distributions of products demonstrated the ability to control the reaction and produce oligomers of a preselected size.Chitosan exhibited significantly increased reactivity as the degree of deacetylation of the polymer increased. The effects of hydrogen ion, concentration of hydroperoxide, temperature and reaction time on the depolymerization were discussed respectively. Optimized degradation conditions were identified for preparation of chitosan with chosen dimensions.