Glucomannan composite films with cellulose nanowhiskers |
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| Authors: | Kirsi S Mikkonen Aji P Mathew Kari Pirkkalainen Ritva Serimaa Chunlin Xu Stefan Willför Kristiina Oksman Maija Tenkanen |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland;2.Department of Food Technology,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland;3.Division of Manufacturing and Design of Wood and Bionanocomposites,Lule? University of Technology,Lule?,Sweden;4.Department of Physics,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland;5.Process Chemistry Centre,?bo Akademi University,Turku,Finland;6.School of Biotechnology,Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre,Stockholm,Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Spruce galactoglucomannans (GGM) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were mixed with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) to form composite
films. Remarkable effects of CNW on the appearance of the films were detected when viewed with regular and polarizing optical
microscopes and with a scanning electron microscope. Addition of CNW to KGM-based films induced the formation of fiberlike
structures with lengths of several millimeters. In GGM-based films, rodlike structures with lengths of several tens of micrometers
were formed. The degree of crystallinity of mannan in the plasticized KGM-based films increased slightly when CNW were added,
from 25 to 30%. The tensile strength of the KGM-based films not containing glycerol increased with increasing CNW content
from 57 to 74 MPa, but that of glycerol-plasticized KGM and GGM films was not affected. Interestingly, the notable differences
in the film structure did not appear to be related to the thermal properties of the films. |
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