Comparison of the chemical stability of the high energy density cathodes of lithium-ion batteries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China;1. Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland;2. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland;3. Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland;4. Umicore Finland, B.O. Box 286, FI-67101, Kokkola, Finland;1. School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, United States;2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;3. Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin, PR China;2. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, PR China;3. Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA;4. National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA;1. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;2. Paramount Sciences, Cleveland, OH 44111, USA;3. Chengdu Yanbai Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610054, China |
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| Abstract: | With an objective to assess the chemical stabilities and their consequences in cell performance, the variations of oxygen content with lithium content (1−x) in chemically delithiated Li1−xCoO2, Li1−xNi0.85Co0.15O2, and Li1−xMn2O4 cathodes have been monitored with redox titrations. The Li1−xCoO2 system tends to lose oxygen from the lattice at deep lithium extraction, while the Li1−xNi0.85Co0.15O2 system does not lose oxygen at least for (1−x)>0.3. The chemical instability with a tendency to lose oxygen at deep lithium extraction could be the reason for the limited practical capacity of the Li1−xCoO2 system (140 mA h/g) compared to that realized with the Li1−xNi0.85Co0.15O2 system (180 mA h/g). The Li1−xMn2O4 spinel maintains an oxygen content of 4.0 without losing any oxygen for 0.15⩽(1−x)⩽1. |
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