Kinetic model for the radical degradation of tri-halonitromethane disinfection byproducts in water |
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| Authors: | Stephen P Mezyk Bruce J Mincher William J Cooper S Kirkham Cole Robert V Fox Piero R Gardinali |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;2. Idaho National Laboratory, Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry Group, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA;3. Urban Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;4. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Old Dominion University, Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;5. Idaho National Laboratory, Interfacial Chemistry Department, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA;6. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;1. V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;2. Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;3. N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;4. Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;5. A. V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;2. Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan;3. Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan;1. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;2. Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakatashirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan;3. Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakatashirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan;1. Radiation Technology Development Division, India;2. Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China;2. China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing, China;3. Department of Municipal Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China |
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| Abstract: | The halonitromethanes (HNMs) are byproducts of the ozonation and chlorine/chloramine treatment of drinking waters. Although typically occurring at low concentrations HNMs have high cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, and may therefore represent a significant human health hazard. In this study, we have investigated the radical based mineralization of fully-halogenated HNMs in water using the congeners bromodichloronitromethane and chlorodibromonitromethane. We have combined absolute reaction rate constants for their reactions with the hydroxyl radical and the hydrated electron as measured by electron pulse radiolysis and analytical measurements of stable product concentrations obtained by 60Co steady-state radiolysis with a kinetic computer model that includes water radiolysis reactions and halide/nitrogen oxide radical chemistry to fully elucidate the reaction pathways of these HNMs. These results are compared to our previous similar study of the fully chlorinated HNM chloropicrin. The full optimized computer model, suitable for predicting the behavior of this class of compounds in irradiated drinking water, is provided. |
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