Multiscale lattice Boltzmann-finite element modelling of chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials. Part II: Simulation results and validation |
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| Institution: | 1. Section of Materials and Environment, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;2. Modelling & Simulation Centre, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;3. Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy;2. Laboratoire de Mécanique des Structures Industrielles Durables, UMR CNRS/EDF/CEA 8193, 1, Avenue du Général De Gaulle, 92140 Clamart Cedex, France;1. Laboratoire Amiénois de Mathématique Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 7352, UFR des Sciences, 33, rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France;2. Laboratoire de Mécanique et d’Acoustique, CNRS UPR 7051, Centrale Marseille, Université Aix-Marseille, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France;3. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;1. Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan;2. Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Kagawa University, 2217-20, Hayashi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0396, Japan;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials depends on the underlying microstructure and environmental conditions. The algorithms and implementation of the multiscale lattice Boltzmann-finite element scheme for prediction of chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials was described in detail in Part I (Zhang et al., 2013). Based on the obtained microstructures and the developed multiscale modelling scheme, chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials at the micro- and meso-scales, i.e. cement paste, mortar and concrete, are estimated and presented in Part II. The influences of w/c ratio, age, chloride binding, degree of water saturation, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and aggregate content on chloride diffusivity are investigated in a quantitative manner. The simulations are validated with experimental data obtained from literature. The results indicate that the simulated chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials at each scale shows a good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the chloride binding, degree of water saturation, ITZ and aggregate content play significant roles in the chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials. The estimated chloride diffusivity in cementitious materials in this study accounting for the evolution of microstructure and environmental conditions can be directly used as input for the service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures. |
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| Keywords: | Multiscale Lattice Boltzmann method Finite element method Chloride diffusivity Microstructure |
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