在单细胞水平上基于拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜研究不同地区PM2.5的毒理效应

PM2.5作为一种重要的空气污染物，研究不同地区PM2.5对人体细胞的损伤异同具有重要意义。本实验以人肺癌细胞为研究对象，分别经过3个不同地区PM2.5日均量暴露2 h，采用拉曼光谱仪和原子力显微镜对活性单细胞的光谱、形貌和生物力学指标进行检测，通过酶联免疫反应检测细胞产生的发炎因子浓度。统计分析表明：PM2.5暴露后细胞拉曼峰1 002.97，1 127.29，1 172.83和1 338.1 cm-1强度变大；细胞伪足收缩或残缺，细胞核区变高；苏州地区PM2.5暴露后细胞黏滞功变小，弹性能变大；细胞产生发炎响应。发现经不同地区PM2.5暴露后，单细胞光学和力学信息发生了各异的改变，因此单细胞水平上研究不同地区PM2.5的毒理效应，为空气污染治理、肺部疾病防控提供数据支撑。

Toxical Effects of PM2.5 from Different Regions on Individual Cells Examined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

PM2.5 is one of the important pollutants, so it is of great significance to the study of cytotoxical effects of PM2.5 from different regions. In this study, Human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to the average daily volume of PM2.5 from three different regions in vitro for 2 h. Afterwards, the cells were examined on the single cell level by the confocal Raman microspectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively, to obtain the Raman spectroscopy, and the morphological and biomechanical properties of the cells. In addition, the cytokine concentration was measured by the multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to the untreated cells, statistical results revealed several interesting phenomena, including (1) the intensity of the Raman peaks of the treated cells increased at 1 002.97, 1 127.29, 1 172.83 and 1338.1 cm-1; (2) the lamellipodia of treated cells shrunk or partially disappeared; (3) the treated cells became higher; (4) the adhesion work decreased while the elastic energy increased for the cells treated by the PM2.5 from Suzhou region and (5) the treated cells had an inflammatory response. Our work demonstrated that the toxical effects of PM2.5 from different regions on A549 were different, which provides useful information for the air pollution control and prevention and control of lung diseases.