External morphology of the mouthparts of the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), with special reference to the sensilla |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;1. China University of Geosciences, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China;2. Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza Street, PL80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;4. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China;1. School of GeoSciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, Hubei, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China;4. Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza Street, PL80-308, Gdańsk, Poland;1. Department of Zoology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China;3. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Ave., Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK;4. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China |
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| Abstract: | The whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a major pest of rice in Asia, with the adults and larvae sucking the phloem sap and affecting plant growth. The ultrastructural morphology of the mouthparts, with distribution of sensilla located on the maxillae and labium in adult S. furcifera was observed using scanning electron microscopy and illustrated, with a brief discussion of their taxonomic and putative functional significance. The gross mouthparts comprising an uppermost small cone-shaped labrum, a three-segmented labium with a deep longitudinal groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets, are consistent with the conventional piercing–sucking type of mouth parts found in Hemiptera. The mandibles bear 5 teeth on the external convex region on the distal extremity. Smooth maxillary stylets, interlocked to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal, are asymmetrical only in the internal position of longitudinal carinae and grooves. Two dendritic canals are also found in each maxilla and one in each mandible. The cross-section of the stylet fascicle is oval. The labial tip is a rosette shape. Two types of sensilla trichoides, two types of uniporous peg sensilla, two pairs of sensilla basiconica and a pair of subapical labial sensory organs have been detected at different locations on the labium, specifically the labial tip is divided into dorsal paired sensory fields with 9 pairs of uniporous peg sensilla and 1 pairs of dome-shaped sensilla, and ventral paired sensory fields with 2 pairs of sensilla basiconica. |
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| Keywords: | Mouthparts Morphology Sensilla Ultrastructure |
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