Etoposide interferes with the process of chromatin condensation during alga Chara vulgaris spermiogenesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ministry of Education Key Lab for Eco-restoration of Contaminated Environment, Shenyang University, No. 21, South Wanghua Street, Shenyang 110044, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huiming Road, Chengdu 611130, China;1. Pyrenean Institute of Ecology-CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain;2. Sonea Ingenieria y Medio Ambiente S.L., P.Tec. WALQA, Ctra. Zaragoza N330 Km. 566, Huesca, Spain;3. Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland;4. Dept. of Experimental and Social Sciences Teaching, University of Valencia, Avd. Tarongers 4, Valencia 46022, Spain;1. Formerly: Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany;2. Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | DNA topoisomerase II plays an essential role in animal spermiogenesis, where changes of chromatin structure are connected with appearance of transient DNA breaks. Such topo II activity can be curtailed by inhibitors such as etoposide and suramine. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of etoposide on spermatid chromatin remodeling in the green alga Chara vulgaris. This inhibitor prolonged the early spermiogenesis stages and blocked the formation of the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX at stages VI–VII. The lack of transient DSBs at these stages impairs the elimination of supercoils containing nucleosomes which lead to disturbances in nucleoprotein exchange and the pattern of spermatid chromatin fibrils at stages VI–VIII. Immunofluorescent and ultrastructural observations revealed that during C. vulgaris spermiogenesis topo II played an important role similar to that in mammals. Some corresponding features had been pointed out before, the present studies showed further similarities. |
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| Keywords: | Chromatin remodeling Etoposide H2AX histone Nuclear protein exchange Spermiogenesis |
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