Analytical diagnosis methodology to evaluate nitrate impact on historical building materials |
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Authors: | M Maguregui A Sarmiento I Martínez-Arkarazo M Angulo K Castro G Arana N Etxebarria J M Madariaga |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain |
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Abstract: | Nitrate salts have become of greater importance in the decay of materials from historical buildings due to changes in the
environment. This work presents an analytical diagnosis methodology to evaluate the impact of nitrate salts in mortars and
bricks, combining noninvasive and microdestructive analytical techniques together with chemometric and thermodynamic data
analyses. The impact of nitrate salts cannot be well ascertained if other soluble salts are not taken into account. Therefore,
the principal results from this work relate to nitrate salts but some results for other kinds of salts are included. Data
from Raman microprobe spectroscopy and micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) are used to characterise the original composition
and a first approximation of the nature of the decay compounds, mainly nitrates. The soluble salts are extracted and the anions
and cations are quantified by means of ion chromatography with conductimetric detection for anions/cations and inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) for cations. The values obtained allow two different data treatments to be applied.
First, chemometric analysis is carried out to search for correlations among anions and cations. Second, thermodynamic modelling
with the RUNSALT program is performed to search for environmental conditions of soluble salt formation. All the results are
finally used to diagnose the impact of nitrates. |
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Keywords: | Mortar Brick Raman microprobre Micro X-ray fluorescence Ion chromatography |
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