Atomic-force-controlled capillary electrophoretic nanoprinting of proteins |
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Authors: | Yulia Lovsky Aaron Lewis Chaim Sukenik Eli Grushka |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Applied Physics, Selim and Rachel Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel;(2) Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel;(3) Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel; |
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Abstract: | The general nanoprinting and nanoinjection of proteins on non-conducting or conducting substrates with a high degree of control
both in terms of positional and timing accuracy is an important goal that could impact diverse fields from biotechnology (protein
chips) to molecular electronics and from fundamental studies in cell biology to nanophotonics. In this paper, we combine capillary
electrophoresis (CE), a separation method with considerable control of protein movement, with the unparalleled positional
accuracy of an atomic force microscope (AFM). This combination provides the ability to electrophoretically or electroosmotically
correlate the timing of protein migration with AFM control of the protein deposition at a high concentration in defined locations
and highly confined volumes estimated to be 2 al. Electrical control of bovine serum albumin printing on standard protein-spotting
glass substrates is demonstrated. For this advance, fountain pen nanolithography (FPN) that uses cantilevered glass-tapered
capillaries is amended with the placement of electrodes on the nanopipette itself. This results in imposed voltages that are
three orders of magnitude less than what is normally used in capillary electrophoresis. The development of atomic-force-controlled
capillary electrophoretic printing (ACCEP) has the potential for electrophoretic separation, with high resolution, both in time and in space. The large voltage drop at the tip of the tapered nanopipettes allows for
significant increases in concentration of protein in the small printed volumes. All of these attributes combine to suggest
that this methodology should have a significant impact in science and technology.
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