Switchable selectivity during oxidation of anilines in a ball mill |
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Authors: | Thorwirth Rico Bernhardt Franziska Stolle Achim Ondruschka Bernd Asghari Jila |
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Institution: | 1. Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich‐Schiller University Jena, Lessingstra?e 12, 07743 Jena (Germany), Fax: (+49)?3641‐948402;2. Department of Chemistry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 386 Gorgan (Iran) |
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Abstract: | A solvent-free method for the direct oxidation of anilines to the corresponding azo and azoxy homocoupling products by using a planetary ball mill was developed. Various oxidants and grinding auxiliaries were tested and a variety of substituted anilines were investigated. It was possible to form chemoselectively either azo, azoxy, or the nitro compounds from reaction of aromatic anilines. The selectivity of the solvent-free reaction is switchable by applying a combination of oxidant and grinding auxiliary. Furthermore, a comparison with other methods of energy input (microwave, classical heating, and ultrasound) highlighted the advantages of the ball mill approach and its high energy efficiency. |
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Keywords: | azo compounds mechanical properties oxidation peroxides solid‐state reactions synthetic methods |
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