Nanoscale Optoregulation of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation by Intracellular Alteration of Redox Balance |
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| Authors: | Sara Hassanpour‐Tamrin Hossein Taheri Mohammad Mahdi Hasani‐Sadrabadi S Hamed Shams Mousavi Erfan Dashtimoghadam Mahdi Tondar Ali Adibi Alireza Moshaverinia Amir Sanati Nezhad Karl I Jacob |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education (CBRE), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;5. Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;6. California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;7. Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA;8. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Regulation of stem cell (SC) fate, a decision between self‐renewal and differentiation, is of immense importance in regenerative medicine and has been proven to be a powerful stimulus regulating many cell functions influencing the SC fate. This study uses triphenylphosphonium‐functionalized gold nanoparticles (TPP‐AuNPs) to explore the interplay of intracellular electromagnetic (EM) exposure and the SC fate. Localized EM waves are generated inside neural stem cells (NSCs) to stimulate TPP‐AuNPs (AuNPs), targeting the mitochondria through inducing reactive oxygen species and differentiating these cells into neurons. Following laser irradiation of TPP‐AuNPs‐transfected NSCs, their differentiation to neurons is monitored by tracing the relevant markers both at the genetic and protein levels. The electrophysiology technique is further used to examine the functionality of neurons. The results confirm that TPP‐AuNPs subjected to electromotive forces have the potential to regulate cellular fate, although further investigations are still required to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the interaction of EM‐stimulated TPP‐AuNPs on cellular fate to design highly adjustable cell differentiation and reprogramming methods. |
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| Keywords: | electromagnetic fields nanoparticles neural stem cells optoregulation stem cell fate |
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