胶体晶体模板法制备三维有序大孔复合氧化物*

胶体晶体模板法是制备三维有序大孔（3DOM）复合氧化物材料的有效方法。制备过程一般包括3个步骤：首先，将单分散微球堆积成三维有序排列的胶体晶体；其次，将液态前驱体填充到胶体晶体的间隙，并在原位转化为固体骨架；最后，将微球去除，在原来微球间的空隙位置得到固体骨架，原来微球占据的位置则成为相互连接的孔穴。其中，胶体晶体模板的组装、前驱体的填充以及模板的去除都是制备3DOM复合氧化物的关键影响因素。本文针对这几个控制因素对胶体晶体模板法制备3DOM复合氧化物的影响进行了概述，并对孔结构的表征以及材料在催化和电极材料等方面的应用作了简单介绍。

Colloidal Crystal Templating Method to Synthesize Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Complex Oxides

Colloidal crystal templating method can effectively prepare three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) complex oxide materials. This method commonly involves three steps. Firstly, colloidal crystals are formed by packing uniform spheres into three-dimensional ordered arrays. Secondly, the interstitial space is filled by a liquid precursor converted into a solid skeleton. Finally, the spheres are removed, creating a solid skeleton in the location of the former interstitial spaces and interconnected voids where the spheres were originally located. Ordering of spheres, filling of interstices in colloidal crystals with precursor and removal of the template are all key factors for the synthesis of the 3DOM complex oxides. In this paper, a brief review concerning the effects of the above controlling factors on the synthesis of 3DOM complex oxides is provided. The characterization of macropores and potential application of such complex oxides, including catalysts and porous electrodes are briefly discussed. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of 3DOM complex oxides
2.1 Formation of the colloidal crystal template
2.2 Filling of precursors
2.3 Removal of the colloidal crystal template
3 Characterization of structure of pores in the 3DOM complex oxides
4 Applications of 3DOM complex oxides
5 Conclusions