Analytical approaches on some selected toxic heavy metals in the environment and their socio-environmental impacts: A meticulous review

Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that have relatively high density and are toxic even at ppb levels. The excess intake of heavy metals in human bodies though the environment may cause various humans health problems. Analytical approaches of some selected toxic heavy metals in the environment and their socio-environmental impacts are discussed in this review. In this present investigation, we have also discussed the design and development of nanomaterials for the detection of metal ions along with kinetic approaches. The isolation or pre-concentration and determination of heavy metals from complex matrices become challenging for analytical chemists and researchers. The fundamentals on sample preparation and analysis of some selected heavy metals employing different analytical tools for qualitative and quantitative determination of these pollutants in real samples are also discussed. In addition, this compiled work enhanced our knowledge in learning about pathway mechanisms and the degree of their risk assessment.