Diverse Application Platform for Hard X-ray Diffraction in SACLA (DAPHNIS)

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) produce femtosecond X-ray pulses with nearly full spatial coherence and a peak power in the order of tens of GW 1 P. Emma et al., Nat. Photon. 4, 641–647 (2010).Crossref], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar], 2 T. Ishikawa et al., Nat. Photon. 6, 540–544 (2012).Crossref], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]]. At present, two XFEL facilities, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA), offer research opportunities to scientists from various fields. The novel characteristics of XFELs necessitate new experimental styles, which are very different from those for conventional X-ray sources. Since many users were not familiar with these new styles in the early stage of scientific applications, user-friendly experimental systems were necessary to boost the XFEL applications into a state of practical use. XFELs are now producing unique results in, for example, structural biology 3 H. N. Chapman et al., Nature 470, 73–77 (2011).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]–6 M. Suga et al., Nature 517, 99–103 (2015).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]], nonlinear X-ray optics 7 K. Tamasaku et al., Nat. Photon. 8, 313–316 (2014).Crossref], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar], 8 H. Yoneda et al., Nature 524, 446–449 (2015).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]], ultrafast physics and chemistry 9 W. Zhang et al., Nature 509, 345–348 (2014).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]–11 K. H. Kim et al., Nature 518, 385–389 (2015).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]], and high-energy-density science 12 S. M. Vinko et al., Nature 482, 59–62 (2012).Crossref], PubMed], Web of Science ®] , Google Scholar]].