广西东亚飞蝗蝗区研究

广西的飞蝗蝗区是中国东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)蝗区的重要组成部分,蝗灾历史悠久,最早于1191年在横县发生,受蝗灾袭击的县达53个,现有蝗区面积约1.3万ha,主要分布于红水河、柳江和黔江沿岸一带的武宣、来宾及宾阳等地。作者从昆虫生态地理学的角度把广西东亚飞蝗蝗区划分为内涝蝗区和沿河蝗区两大类,本文还阐明了上述蝗区的结构、成因和发展现状。东亚飞蝗在广西每年可发生2-3代,主要为害代为第二和第三代。蝗灾的发生与旱涝相间的气候条件密切相关,前年9-12月和当年3-6月持续干旱所引起的生态失衡是导致飞蝗暴发成灾的主导因素。本文还提出了广西东亚飞蝗综合治理的对策:(一)在西江流域上,中游山区营造大面积水源林,并加速治理红水河与柳江,以减少旱涝灾害的发生;(二)大力开展农田水利基本建设,改变现有不合理的耕作制度;(三)加强第一代飞蝗的监测,采取化防措施,控制第二、第三代的发生。

Study on the Area of Oriental Migratory Locust in Guangxi

The area of oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) in Guangxi is the important part of China. The history of calamity in Guangxi can be traced back to 1191 when the disaster was recorded first in Hengxian county of Guangxi. About 53 counties suffered the disaster since then. There are still about 13.3 thousand hectares of locust area which are distributed mainly over counties along three rivers, Hongshuihe, Liujiang and Qianjiang.
The area of locust in Guangxi can be divided into two types, Waterlogging area and Riparious area The structure, forming and developing of the area of locust are expounded in the paper. The pest has two or three generations per year in Guangxi, the second and third generation are the most injurious. The key factor which results in the calamity is the lasting dry of two period, September to December of the previous year and March to June of the same year.
The strategy of integrated control of the locust in Guangxi is as follows:(1) afforesting mountain areas of the upper-midle of Xijian River valley, and bringing the fiver under control, so as to alleviate the calamity of flood and drought; (2) launching capital construction of water conservancy works and changing unsuitable cropping system; (3) paying more attention to the monitoring of the first generation, and dominating the population density of the second and third generation by chemical control.