秸秆超（亚）临界水预处理与水解技术*

秸秆的资源化特别是乙醇化技术由于其技术可行性和产物高值化受到了广泛关注。预处理与水解是乙醇化的关键过程。目前针对秸秆的转化已经开展了多种化学或生物技术的研究，其中超（亚）临界技术与传统技术相比显示了独特的优势，如更高的反应速率、不需催化剂、无产物抑制等。本文在总结秸秆传统预处理与水解技术的基础上，对秸秆超（亚）临界水预处理与水解的过程和机理，特别是超临界亚临界组合技术的研究现状、工艺及其相关研究的进展进行了综述和分析，并阐述了超临界亚临界组合技术首先在超临界水中打破纤维结构进行初级水解，再通过亚临界反应将初级水解产物低聚糖进一步水解为葡萄糖的基本原理。最后对超（亚）临界技术在秸秆资源化领域的研究和应用前景进行了展望。

Supercritical/Subcritical Technology for Pretreatment and Hydrolyzation of Stalks

The resourcilization technologies of stalks,typically as ethanol production technology,have caught much attention due to its feasibility and valuable production. Pretreatment and hydrolyzation are the key processes of ethanol production from stalks,and multifarious chemical and biological technologies have been developed for stalks conversion.Supercritical/subcritical technology demonstrate obvious advantages over traditional ways,such as much higher reaction rate,not requiring additional catalyst,and no inhibitory reaction of products.Progress in research and development of supercritical/subcritical technology for pretreatment and hydrolyzation is reviewed in this paper,especially the principle,process and interrelated research of combined supercritical/subcritical technology,which includes the primary treatment in supercritical water for separating the polymeric components and hydrolyzing of cellulose to oligosaccharides,and the secondary treatment in subcritical water for hydrolyzing of oligosaccharides to glucose.Additional information on the research of hydrothermal treatment is also provided.Furthermore,the prospect of research and application of supercritical/ subcritical technology is discussed.