Strong resistance of a thin crystalline layer of balanced charged groups to protein adsorption |
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Authors: | Chen Shengfu Yu Fuchen Yu Qiuming He Yi Jiang Shaoyi |
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Institution: | Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. |
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Abstract: | Resistance of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with various counter-charged terminal groups of different valence and protonation/deprotonation states to nonspecific protein adsorption is investigated. It is demonstrated that excellent nonfouling surfaces can be readily constructed from mixed positively and negatively charged components of equal valence in a wide range of thiol solution compositions. Furthermore, the lattice structure of one of the mixed SAM systems studied is revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to be (5.2 +/- 0.2 A x 5.2 +/- 0.2 A)60 degrees . Results indicate that the packing structure of mixed charged SAMs is determined by strong charge-charge interactions of the terminal groups rather than S-Au and chain-chain interactions. This work provides direct evidence that conformational flexibility is not required for protein resistance of a surface and even a single compact layer of charged groups of balanced charge with a crystalline structure can resist nonspecific protein adsorption, suggesting that tightly bound water molecules on the topmost part of the mixed SAMs play a dominant role in surface resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. |
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