Elastic scattering of 1-GeV protons by nuclei

The calculated elastic scattering of 1.04-GeV protons by ²⁰⁸Pb, ⁵⁸Ni, and ⁴⁰Ca is compared with experiment. The effects of the spin-orbit potential, Pauli and short-range correlations, variations in the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude at 0° are found to have similar effects. Further experiments are required before these effects can be disentangled. Changes of the neutron density compared to the proton density can be distinguished. The proton polarization by elastic scattering by ²⁰⁸Pb and ⁴⁰Ca is calculated omitting the effects of correlations.