结构力学的动态不稳定性

在本回顾性文章中，作者着重论述在结构的稳定性和超临界行为中需要采用动力学方法进行分析的问题．它们包括以下的动态不稳定性：（１）参数激励振动；（２）在冲击载荷下的结构响应；（３）空气－弹性和流体－弹性诱发的动态不稳定性；（４）在所谓随动力作用下的结构响应；（５）输气或输液管道的不稳定性；（６）转子由于转动摩擦或有关因素引起的不稳定性；（７）旋涡诱发的不稳定性；（８）构件的断裂作为一类动态不稳定性．本文的重点放在早期发展历史、开拓性的研究和基本概念，尤其是那些在过去产生过争论但至今在某些方面仍有启发性的题材．与此同时，还讨论一些新近结果和未来研究展望．

ESEC DYNAMIC INSTABILITIES IN MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES

In this retrospective, the author looks at the field of stability and postcritical behavior of structures for which analysis needs a dynamical approach. The following groups of dynamic instabilities are covered: 1) paxametrically excited vibrations; 2) response of structures to impact loading; 3) aero- and hydroelastic induced dynamic instabilities; 4) structural response to so-called follower forces; 5) instabilities of tubes conveying gas or fluid; 6) instabilities of rotors due to rotating friction and related factors; 7) vertex induced instabilities; and 8) fracture of structural members as a kind of dynamic instability. The main attention is paid to the early history, pioneering research, and basic concepts, in particular those which have been a subject of disagreement in the past and seem, in some aspects, instructive until now. At the same time, some recent results as well as some perspectives for future studies are discussed.