大气颗粒物中砷及其形态的研究进展

大气颗粒物中毒性准金属元素砷及其形态含量变化引起的环境健康问题受到了广泛关注。由于工业生产和煤燃烧等人类活动,砷普遍存在于多种环境介质中。排放到大气中的砷能够随气流进行长距离迁移,致使一些偏远区域大气中的砷含量明显超出欧盟的限制标准(6 ng/m3)。砷的毒性表达很大程度依赖其存在种态,无机砷毒性大于有机砷,且砷(Ⅲ)的毒性明显强于砷(Ⅴ)。本文概述了大气中砷的来源,并选取自2000年来的代表性成果比较了不同国家及不同功能区大气砷的含量变化,同时对1975年来多数关于大气颗粒物中砷形态变化特征的研究进行了评述。

Research Progress of Occurrence and Speciation of Arsenic in Atmospheric Particles

The occurrence of toxic metalloid element arsenic and its speciation in the atmospheric particulate matter has attracted wide concerns because of their harmful effects on the environment. Arsenic is ubiquitously present in various environmental media due to increasing anthropogenic sources including industrial production, coal combustion and so on. Arsenic in atmosphere can be transported to the background region by air mass movement and some concentrations exceed the target value (6 ng.m-₃) proposed by European Commission. On other hand, the toxicity of arsenic heavily depends on the speciation,and the inorganic arsenic tends to be more toxic than the organic arsenic while arsenite toxic is higher than the arsenate. The representative results on the sources and concentrations of arsenic in atmosphere from different countries and various functional areas since 2000 are selected. The characteristic of arsenic speciation since 1975 in atmospheric particle are reviewed as well.