果糖催化合成5-羟甲基糠醛研究的新进展

5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)是一种具有重要应用价值的原材料和中间体,以果糖脱水合成HMF具有实现生物质转化利用的重大意义。本文综述了近三年来果糖制备HMF过程的两大关键因素:催化剂和反应介质的重要进展。固体酸(特别是杂多酸及其盐)、离子液体(ILs)中添加卤化物或ILs作为催化剂是近几年来研究的热点,固体酸的优点是可多次重复使用且易于分离,而ILs中果糖的降解条件较温和,副反应较少。目前,用于果糖转化HMF的反应溶剂优、缺点并存。最后对该反应存在的问题和今后的研究进行了总结和展望。

ResearcProgress on the Catalytic Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural from Fructose

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) , containing an aldehyde, an ahydroxymethyl and a furan ring, is important raw material and intermediate with great potential for applications. HMF derived from the dehydration of fructose is greatly significant to achieve the conversion of biomass utilization. Direct preparation of HMF through the catalytic dehydration of fructose is one of the hottest issues. Catalytic and solvent systems are two key factors for the process of the dehydration of fructose. In this review, the progress of above two key factors since 2010 was systematically summarized, especially, the three hottest catalyst systems, solid acid (especially heteropoly acid and its salt), ionic liquids with or without halide the solvent as well as the solvent systems including two-phase and single-phase system were analyzed. It is found that solid acid can be used repeatedly and separated easily in the fructose conversion, while ionic liquid can reduce the fructose degradation and side reaction. Similarly, each solvent system also has advantages and disadvantages. At last, the problems and the research prospects for synthesizing HMF from the dehydration of fructose were also discussed.