The effects of ultrasound on micromixing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Research Group Lab4U, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, KU Leuven, Universitaire Campus gebouw B bus 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran;3. Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;1. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (IQSC/USP), Avenida Trabalhador são-carlense, 400 São Carlos, Brazil;2. Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69622, France;1. Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7, Gh. Polizu, Bucharest 011061, Romania;2. SC Progen IMPEX SRL, 1, Azurului, Bucharest 061191, Romania;3. Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Business Engineering and Management, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania;4. Centre for Research in the Built and Natural Environment, Coventry University, United Kingdom;1. Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;2. KU Leuven Lab4U—Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Agoralaan Building B, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;1. KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Service Adsorption, ARKEMA, Groupement de Recherche de Lacq, 64170 Lacq, France |
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| Abstract: | The Villermaux–Dushman reaction is a widely used technique to study micromixing efficiencies with and without sonication. This paper shows that ultrasound can interfere with this reaction by sonolysis of potassium iodide, which is excessively available in the Villermaux–Dushman solution, into triiodide ions. Some corrective actions, to minimize this interference, are proposed. Furthermore, the effect of ultrasonic frequency, power dissipation, probe tip surface area and stirring speed on micromixing were investigated. The power and frequency seem to have a significant impact on micromixing in contrast to the stirring speed and probe tip surface area. Best micromixing was observed with a 24 kHz probe and high power intensities. Experiments with different frequencies but a constant power intensity, emitter surface, stirring speed, cavitation bubble type and reactor design showed best micromixing for the highest frequency of 1135 kHz. Finally, these results were used to test the power law model of Rahimi et al. This model was not able to predict micromixing accurately and the addition of the frequency, as an additional parameter, was needed to improve the simulations. |
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| Keywords: | Micromixing Process intensification Sonochemistry Villermaux–Dushman Microstreaming Sonolysis Modeling Cavitation |
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