Multi-component electrocatalyst for low-temperature fuel cells synthesized via sonochemical reactions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, United States;2. Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, United States;3. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;1. BuBclean, Institutenweg 25, 7521PH Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands;1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea;4. Center for Research Facilities, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea;1. Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;2. Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM), 20138 Milano, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;4. CNR-ICCOM, UOS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Chemistry, Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;2. Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK |
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| Abstract: | This review presents recent advances in multi-component electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells (FCs) synthesized via sonochemical reactions. As a feasible approach to develop novel electrocatalysts that can overcome the many problems of the prevailing Pt electrocatalysts, Pt- or Pd-based alloy and core–shell M@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) have been pursued. Synthesizing NPs with desirable properties often turn out to be challenging. Sonochemistry generates extreme conditions via acoustic cavitation, which have been utilized in the syntheses of various Pt and Pd NPs and Pt- and Pd-based alloy NPs. Especially, it has been reported that several M@Pt core–shell NPs can be synthesized by sonochemistry, which is hard to achieve by other methods. The principles of sonochemistry are presented with examples. Also alloy NPs and core–shell NPs synthesized by sonochemistry and those by other methods are compared. |
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| Keywords: | Electrocatalyst Low-temperature fuel cells Core–shell structure Sonochemistry Nanomaterials |
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