Effect of ultrasound energy on the zeolitization of chemical extracts from fused coal fly ash |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Post-Graduation Program in Engineering and Technology Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 30, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12B, 90619-900 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil;3. Fundação de Ciência e Tecnologia (CIENTEC), Rua Washington Luiz, 675, 90010-460 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil;1. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario (UWO), London, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;1. Post-graduation Program in Engineering and Technology Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 30, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12B, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Science and Technology Foundation (CIENTEC), Rua Washington Luiz, 675, 90.010-460 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. Centre for Energy (M473), School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia;2. China Energy Investment Corporation Limited, 6-8, Fuchengmen North Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of ultrasound (UTS) energy at different temperatures on the zeolitization of aluminosilicate constituents of coal fly ash. UTS energy irradiated directly into the reaction mixture utilizing a probe immersed into the reaction mixture, unlike previously reported works that have used UTS baths. Controlled synthesis was also conducted at constant stirring and at the same temperatures using conventional heating. The precursor reaction solution was obtained by first fusing the coal fly ash with sodium hydroxide at 550 °C followed by dissolution in water and filtration. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRF, XRD, SEM and TGA. The crystallinity of crystals produced with UTS assisted conversion compared to conventional conversion at 85 °C was twice as high. UTS energy also reduced the induction time from 60 min to 40 min and from 80 min to 60 min for reaction temperatures of 95 °C and 85 °C, respectively. Prolonging the UTS irradiation at 95 °C resulted in the conversion of zeolite-A crystals to hydroxysodalite, which is a more stable zeolitic phase. It was found that at 85 °C coupled with ultrasound energy produced the best crystalline structure with a pure single phase of zeolite-A. It has been shown that crystallization using UTS energy can produce zeolitic crystals at lower temperatures and within 1 h, dramatically cutting the synthesis time of zeolite. |
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| Keywords: | Coal fly ash Synthesis Ultrasound probe Zeolite |
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