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Harmonic responses and cavitation activity of encapsulated microbubbles coupled with magnetic nanoparticles
Institution:1. Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;2. The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China;1. Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;2. Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium;3. Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands;4. Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands;5. Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria;6. Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Belgium;7. Laboratory Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;8. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;9. Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands;1. Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;1. Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1FD, UK;2. Diagnostic Sonar Ltd., Livingston EH54 7BX, UK;3. Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway;1. Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;2. Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China;3. The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China;1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Radiobiology Research Institute, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Abstract:Encapsulated microbubbles coupled with magnetic nanoparticles, one kind of hybrid agents that can integrate both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging/therapy functions, have attracted increasing interests in both research and clinic communities. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their dynamic behaviors generated in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In the present work, a hybrid agent was synthesized by integrating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) into albumin-shelled microbubbles (named as SPIO-albumin microbubbles). Then, both the stable and inertial cavitation thresholds of this hybrid agent were measured at varied SPIO concentrations and ultrasound parameters (e.g., frequency, pressure amplitude, and pulse length). The results show that, at a fixed acoustic driving frequency, both the stable and inertial cavitation thresholds of SPIO-albumin microbubble should decrease with the increasing SPIO concentration and acoustic driving pulse length. The inertial cavitation threshold of SPIO-albumin microbubbles also decreases with the raised driving frequency, while the minimum sub- and ultra-harmonic thresholds appear at twice and two thirds resonance frequency, respectively. It is also noticed that both the stable and inertial cavitation thresholds of SonoVue microbubbles are similar to those measured for hybrid microbubbles with a SPIO concentration of 114.7 μg/ml. The current work could provide better understanding on the impact of the integrated SPIOs on the dynamic responses (especially the cavitation activities) of hybrid microbubbles, and suggest the shell composition of hybrid agents should be appropriately designed to improve their clinical diagnostic and therapeutic performances of hybrid microbubble agents.
Keywords:Stable cavitation  Inertial cavitation  Pressure threshold  Hybrid contrast agents  Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
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