Degradation of 4-chloro 2-aminophenol using combined strategies based on ultrasound,photolysis and ozone |
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Affiliation: | 1. National School of Engineering Sfax, GEET, Tunisia;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSII, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;2. Bath Process Intensification Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Separation Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;1. Grupo ASPA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, E46022 València, Spain;2. Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Departamento de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemosa, km. 7.5, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain |
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Abstract: | The present work investigates the degradation of 4-chloro 2-aminophenol (4C2AP), a highly toxic organic compound, using ultrasonic reactors and combination of ultrasound with photolysis and ozonation for the first time. Two types of ultrasonic reactors viz. ultrasonic horn and ultrasonic bath operating at frequency of 20 kHz and 36 kHz respectively have been used in the work. The effect of initial pH, temperature and power dissipation of the ultrasonic horn on the degradation rate has been investigated. The established optimum parameters of initial pH as 6 (natural pH of the aqueous solution) and temperature as 30 ± 2 °C were then used in the degradation studies using the combined approaches. Kinetic study revealed that degradation of 4C2AP followed first order kinetics for all the treatment approaches investigated in the present work. It has been established that US + UV + O3 combined process was the most promising method giving maximum degradation of 4C2AP in both ultrasonic horn (complete removal) and bath (89.9%) with synergistic index as 1.98 and 1.29 respectively. The cavitational yield of ultrasonic bath was found to be eighteen times higher as compared to ultrasonic horn implying that configurations with higher overall areas of transducers would be better selection for large scale treatment. Overall, the work has clearly demonstrated that combined approaches could synergistically remove the toxic pollutant (4C2AP). |
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Keywords: | 4 chloro 2 aminophenol Sonochemical degradation Photolysis Combined processes Synergistic index |
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