Polynucleotides in cellular mimics: Coacervates and lipid vesicles |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;2. Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany;1. Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea;3. Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;6. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | In this review, we examine the interaction of nucleic acids with cell-like structures based on liquid–liquid phase separation of charged molecules (complex coacervation) and amphiphilic self-assembly (lipid vesicles). We discuss the mechanisms of their assembly and describe how they can be used as models for origin of life studies and for understanding two recently-described phenomena in modern cells: membrane-free organelles and exosomes. Hybrid cells with increased structural complexity are highlighted and we then briefly explore how strategies based on electrostatic and hydrophobic assembly can be used for designing and synthesizing delivery agents for therapeutic nucleic acids. While the physical mechanisms of self-assembly vary, both strategies provide viable routes for generating minimal compartmentalized systems, modeling cellular pathways, and for rational design of new synthetic cells for technological applications. |
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