Sonocatalytical degradation enhancement for ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole in the presence of glass beads and single-walled carbon nanotubes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, 215 Jinheungno, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea;4. School of Civil and Environmental Enginering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea;5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea;1. Materials Science and Engineering, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;2. Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr.12, 07743 Jena, Germany;2. Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr.12, 07743 Jena, Germany;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-16 Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Kokyungmeon, Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk 38900, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea;1. Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía, A.A. 1226 Medellín, Colombia;2. Grupo de Investigación en Diseño y Formulación de Medicamentos, Cosméticos y Afines (DYFOMECO), Facultad de Química Farmaceútica, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226 Medellín, Colombia;3. Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés, Grenoble, France;4. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Sonocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out to determine the effects of glass beads (GBs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on ibuprofen (IBP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal using low and high ultrasonic frequencies (28 and 1000 kHz). In the absence of catalysts, the sonochemical degradation at pH 7, optimum power of 0.18 W mL−1, and a temperature of 15 °C was higher (79% and 72%) at 1000 kHz than at 28 kHz (45% and 33%) for IBP and SMX, respectively. At the low frequency (28 kHz) H2O2 production increased significantly, from 10 μM (no GBs) to 86 μM in the presence of GBs (0.1 mm, 10 g L−1); however, no enhancement was achieved at 1000 kHz. In contrast, the H2O2 production increased from 10 μM (no SWNTs) to 31 μM at 28 kHz and from 82 μM (no SWNTs) to 111 μM at 1000 kHz in the presence of SWNTs (45 mg L−1). Thus, maximum removals of IBP and SMX were obtained in the presence of a combination of GBs and SWNTs at the low frequency (94% and 88%) for 60 min contact time; however, >99% and 97% removals were achieved for 40 and 60 min contact times at the high frequency for IBP and SMX, respectively. The results indicate that both IBP and SMX degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Additionally, the enhanced removal of IBP and SMX in the presence of catalysts was because GBs and SWNTs increased the number of free OH radicals due to ultrasonic irradiation and the adsorption capacity increase with SWNT dispersion. |
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| Keywords: | Ibuprofen Sulfamethoxazole Sonocatalytical degradation Glass beads Single-walled carbon nanotubes |
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