我国粮食生产的技术推进模式及影响机制研究

基于农业生产技术的功能性特征及随机前沿理论,构建可分离柯布-道格拉斯形式生产函数,测算我国粮食生产全要素增长率及其组成成分.实证结果表明,1999-2011年间,小麦、稻谷和玉米作物的全要素增长率普遍较低,其中,前沿技术进步率对全要素增长率具有正的贡献;但技术效率(尤其是M技术效率)在逐年降低,是造成全要素增长率偏低的主要原因.在此基础上,对影响我国粮食生产技术效率变化的因素进行理论分析和实证检验.研究发现,以直接补贴为主的农业财政支出政策对BC和M技术效率提高作用明显,且影响效果最强.粮食生产技术的推广与普及、粮食生产的规模化和专业化对技术效率具有显著正向影响,但市场机制的影响效果并没有显现出来.

Analysis on Food Production Technology Progression and Impact Mechanism in China

Based on the functional properties of agricultural production technologies and stochastic frontier approach,this paper constructs a grain function with separated CobbDouglas form to evaluate the total factor productivity and corresponding components of China' s grain production.The empirical results indicate that in between 1999-2010,the total factor productivity of wheat,rice and corn of China kept a low level in general and frontier technology productivity made a positive contribution to total productivity,however,technology efficiency(especially for M technology efficiency) went down gradually,which is the main reason of the low total factor productivity.Furthermore,this paper makes an analysis of the theories and empirical test of the factors which influence the technology of grain production of China.Research shows that direct subsidy-oriented agriculture fiscal policy has a remarkable influence on both BC and M technology efficiency.Enhancing the scale and specialization of grain production and facilitating the popularity and promotion affect technology efficiency positively,but market mechanism does not take obvious roles in this case.