Activity and Osmotic Coefficients from the Emf of Liquid-Membrane Cells. VII: Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, K2SO4, CdSO4, CoSO4, and NiSO4 |
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Authors: | Francesco Malatesta Laura Carbonaro Nicolangelo Fanelli Simone Ferrini Ambrogio Giacomelli |
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Affiliation: | (1) Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industrial dell'Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy;(2) Istituto di Chimica Analitica Strumentale del CNR, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy |
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Abstract: | The activity coefficients of CdSO4 CoSO4, and NiSO4 are determined from the emf of liquid-membrane cells, like those described in the papers I–VI of this series. The activity coefficients of the auxiliary salts Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, and K2SO4, needed to eliminate the problem of extrapolation to infinite dilution of the 2–2 salts, are also measured. CdSO4 CoSO4 and NiSO4 in the dilute region deviate downward from the limiting law by a larger extent than believed in the past, thus creating the need for the activity coefficients to be recalculated and systematically lowered by 8–16%. The activity coefficients of Co(ClO4)2 and Ni(ClO4)2, too, need to be corrected by around –3%. For K2SO4, the original values, although scattered, were substantially correct. Pitzer's theory best-fit parameter, able to provide the activity and osmotic coefficients of the salts considered, are reported. |
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Keywords: | Activity coefficients osmotic coefficients aqueous solution electrolytes liquid membranes membrane electrodes cadmium sulfate cobalt perchlorate cobalt sulfate nickel perchlorate nickel sulfate potassium sulfate |
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