On the relationship between the dynamic behavior and nanoscale staggered structure of the bone |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;2. Institute of High Performance Computing, A⁎STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel;2. The Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;3. Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3BZ Wales, UK;1. Nano Science and Technology Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;3. Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;1. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;2. Key State Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;1. Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Faculty of Engineering, Queen''s Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK;2. Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, UMR–CNRS 7649, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France;3. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK |
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| Abstract: | Bone, a typical load-bearing biological material, composed of ordinary base materials such as organic protein and inorganic mineral arranged in a hierarchical architecture, exhibits extraordinary mechanical properties. Up to now, most of previous studies focused on its mechanical properties under static loading. However, failure of the bone occurs often under dynamic loading. An interesting question is: Are the structural sizes and layouts of the bone related or even adapted to the functionalities demanded by its dynamic performance? In the present work, systematic finite element analysis was performed on the dynamic response of nanoscale bone structures under dynamic loading. It was found that for a fixed mineral volume fraction and unit cell area, there exists a nanoscale staggered structure at some specific feature size and layout which exhibits the fastest attenuation of stress waves. Remarkably, these specific feature sizes and layouts are in excellent agreement with those experimentally observed in the bone at the same scale, indicating that the structural size and layout of the bone at the nanoscale are evolutionarily adapted to its dynamic behavior. The present work points out the importance of dynamic effect on the biological evolution of load-bearing biological materials. |
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| Keywords: | Staggered structure Nanoscale Biomaterials Wave traveling |
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