锂离子电池多尺度数值模型的应用现状及发展前景

锂离子电池是一种较为复杂的电化学系统, 其涵盖质量传递、电荷传递、热量传递以及多种电化学反应等物理化学过程. 其不仅物理尺度跨越大, 从微观活性颗粒、极片、电芯跨越到电池模组, 还面临着成组配对以及均衡性的问题, 这些问题加剧了电池设计和性能综合评估的难度. 通过计算机数值仿真技术, 建立数学模型, 全面和系统地捕捉电池工作过程各物理场的相互作用机理, 分析其演化规律, 能够为优化电池系统设计提供理论支撑. 本文对锂离子电池的数值模型研究进展和发展趋势进行了综述. 同时对主要理论模型进行了分类整理, 总结了它们的特点、适用范围和局限性, 指出了将来进一步研究的方向和难点所在, 这些对锂离子电池多尺度数值模型的理论研究和工程应用都具有指导性的意义.

Application status and future of multi-scale numerical models for lithium ion battery

Lithium ion battery is nowadays one of the most popular energy storage devices due to its high energy, power density and cycle life characteristics. It has been known that the overall performance of battery depends on not only electrolyte and electrode materials, but also operation condition and choice of physical parameters. Designers need to understand the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of battery, which is costly and time-consuming by experimental methods. However, lithium ion battery is a complicated electrochemical system with multi physicochemical processes including the mass, charge, and energy conservations as well as the electrochemical kinetics. It not only has a typical multiple level arrangement: across the electrode level, cell level, and extending to the battery module level, which is different from the basic active material particle level arrangement, but also confronts the challenges to meeting the requirements for sorting and consistency method for battery. These facts increase the difficulties in designing the battery and evaluating the overall performance. Owing to the rapid development of multi-scale numerical simulation technology, the multi-scale mathematical models for lithium ion battery are developed to help battery designer comprehensively and systematically gain the interaction mechanisms between different physicochemical fields in the battery working process and analyze the regulations of these interaction mechanisms, which is significant in providing theoretical supports for designing and optimizing the battery systems. At present, multi-type lithium ion battery models coupled with many physicochemical processes have been developed on different scales to study different issues, such as thermal behavior, inner polarization, micro structure, inner stress and capacitance fading, etc. In this paper, we review the research statuses and development trends of multi-scale mathematical models for lithium ion battery. The primary theoretical models for lithium ion battery are systemized and their features, application ranges and limitations are also summarized. Furthermore, the future research area and the difficulty in industry application are discussed. All of these are helpful for the theoretic research and engineering application of the multi-scale numerical models for lithium ion battery.