Electrical charging of non-conductors in a photoelectron spectrometer; effect of X-ray source voltage |
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Authors: | JR McCreary RJ Thorn |
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Institution: | Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The electrical charging on samples of gadolinium trifluoride, sodium fluoride and fused silica, has been investigated as a function of the voltage in the X-ray source of a photoelectron spectrometer. The results can be expressed in the form,Ec = d + c(V – V0) + a(1 - e?b(V – V0)) an equation which expresses the linear dependence of the intensity of the photoelectrons on X-ray intensity and the dependence of the low energy electrons as that corresponding to the equivalent electrical circuit consisting of an emf, a capacitor, and a resistor. With gadolinium trifluoride and sodium fluoride, both of which have a relatively high photoconversion, the electrical potential is positive for all voltages. With fused silica, which has a relatively low photoemission, the electrical potential is negative for the lower voltages. Relative to an assumed value of 83.8 eV for the binding energy for Au(4f) of gold deposited on NaF and GdF3, the charge corrected values for F(1s) and the Gd(4f) orbital binding energies are determined to be 684.57 ± .07 and 10.1 eV, respectively. |
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