Detection of nonfluorescent molecules using differential interference contrast thermal lens microscope for extended nanochannel chromatography

An ultrasensitive absorbance detector, the differential interference contrast thermal lens microscope (DIC-TLM), was employed for a chromatography system using silica nanochannel. Recently, separation of ultrasmall volume sample has been strongly required for single-cell biological and chemical analysis. Previously, we have developed a chromatography system using nanochannels of ~100 nm scale (extended nanochannels) fabricated on a silica substrate. The extended nanochromatography realized highly efficient separation of samples <1 fL without packing materials. However, its detection method was limited to fluorescence method due to the small volume, and a new detector based on absorbance has been required. On the contrary, we have also developed DIC-TLM, a photothermal spectrometer based on absorption and thermal relaxation of sample for determination of concentration of nonfluorescent molecules in extended nanochannel. In this paper, we combined the extended nanochromatography and the DIC-TLM for separation and detection of nonfluorescent dyes. Particularly, basic performances of the DIC-TLM including quantitative performance and sensitivity were deliberated for injected samples of ~fL volume.