Structural fluctuations in nanoparticles

Standard methods of thermodynamics are used to investigate fluctuation conditions for individual nanoparticles. This analysis leads to a theorem on fluctuations of nanoparticles in the vicinity of the phase transformation temperature stating that fluctuations are possible only between an equilibrium and a non-equilibrium phase. The basic conditions used to describe fluctuations are well suited to calculate the limits for fluctuations as function of temperature and particle size.