An Injectable System for Local and Sustained Release of Antimicrobial Agents in the Periodontal Pocket

Periodontitis treatments usually require local administration of antimicrobial drugs with the aim to reduce the bacterial load inside the periodontal pocket. Effective pharmaceutical treatments may require sustained local drug release for several days in the site of interest. Currently available solutions are still not able to fulfill the clinical need for high‐quality treatments, mainly in terms of release profiles and patients' comfort. This work aims to fill this gap through the development of an in situ gelling system, capable to achieve controlled and sustained release of antimicrobial agents for medium‐to‐long‐term treatments. The system is composed of micrometer‐sized β‐cyclodextrin‐based hydrogel (bCD‐Jef‐MPs), featured by a strong hydrophilic character, suspended in a synthetic block‐co‐polymer solution (Poloxamer 407), which is capable to undergo rapid thermally induced sol–gel phase transition at body temperature. The chemical structure of bCD‐Jef‐MPs was confirmed by cross‐correlating data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, swelling test, and degradation kinetics. The thermally induced sol–gel phase transition is demonstrated by rheometric tests. The effectiveness of the described system to achieve sustained release of antimicrobial agents is demonstrated in vitro, using chlorhexidine digluconate as a drug model. The results achieved in this work disclose the potential of the mentioned system in effectively treating periodontitis lesions.