An investigation of the structural aspects of the tomato fruit by means of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance imaging |
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Authors: | Maja Musse,Sté phane Quellec,Marie-Franç oise Devaux,Mireille Cambert,Marc Lahaye,Franç ois Mariette |
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Affiliation: | 1. Cemagref, Food Process Engineering Research Unit, 17, avenue de Cucillé, F-35044 Rennes Cedex, France;2. Université européenne de Bretagne, France;3. UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France |
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Abstract: | In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to study the structural aspects of the tomato fruit. The main study was performed on tomatoes (cv. Tradiro) using a 0.2-T electromagnet scanner. Spin-echo images were acquired to visualize the tomato macrostructure. The air bubble content in tissues was evaluated by exploiting susceptibility effects using multiple gradient echo images. The microstructure was further studied by measuring spin–spin (T2) and spin–lattice (T1) relaxation time distributions. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, macro vision imaging and chemical analysis were used as complementary and independent experimental methods in order to emphasize the MRI results. MRI images showed that the air bubble content varied between tissues. The presence of gas was attested by macro vision images. Quantitative imaging showed that T2 and T1 maps obtained by MRI reflected the structural differences between tomato tissues and made it possible to distinguish between them. The results indicated that cell size and chemical composition contribute to the relaxation mechanism. |
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Keywords: | MRI NMR Plant Tomato Spin&ndash lattice relaxation Spin&ndash spin relaxation Air bubble |
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